Chapter
6
Taking
to Krsna Consciousness
In
India all scriptures and great spiritual teachers, including Sankaracarya, an
impersonalist, accept Krsna as the Supreme Lord. In the beginning of his
commentary on the Bhagavad-gita, Sankaracarya says that Narayana is
transcendental to this manifested and unmanifested creation, and in the same
commentary he says that the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Narayana, is Krsna
appearing as the son of Devaki and Vasudeva. Thus in this respect there is
little difference of opinion about Krsna. Those who are authorities, be they
personalists or impersonalists, are in agreement that Krsna is the Supreme Lord.
When Krsna was present on
this planet, He proved by His activities and opulence that He is the Supreme
Lord. If we are actually anxious to understand who and what the Supreme Lord is,
all of the information is given in Vedic literatures. If we utilize whatever we
have in our possession to understand God, Krsna will prove that He is the
Supreme personality of Godhead. If we but accept this one fact, then all of our
education is complete. It is fashionable to research to try to find out who is
God, but this is not necessary. God is present, and He Himself says:
mattah parataram nanyat
kincid asti dhananjaya
mayi sarvam idam protam
sutre mani-gana iva
"O conqueror of wealth (Arjuna),
there is no truth superior to Me. Everything rests upon Me, as pearls are strung
on a thread." (Bg. 7.7)
This information is not only
given in Bhagavad-gita but in other scriptures as well, and it has been accepted
from the very beginning by great acaryas (teachers) like Sankaracarya,
Ramanujacarya, Madhvacarya, Lord Caitanya and many other stalwart authorities.
Even at the present moment those who do not accept Krsna as the Supreme Lord are
accepting the knowledge given by Krsna to Arjuna. So in this way they are
accepting Krsna indirectly. If one accepts Bhagavad-gita as a great book of
knowledge, he is also accepting Krsna. There is no doubt that the Supreme
Absolute Truth is Krsna and that we have our eternal relationship with Him.
Our eternal relationship with
God is sabhajana: God is great, and we are subordinate. He is the predominator,
and we are the predominated. The duty of the subordinate is to please the
predominator. Similarly, if we want to be happy, we must learn how to make Krsna
happy. This is the process of Krsna consciousness.
But how is it to be
understood that the Supreme Lord is satisfied by our service and labor? It is
actually possible to perfect our service or occupational duty. Everyone has some
service to perform according to his designations. He may be an Indian or
American, Hindu, Muslim or Christian, man, woman, brahmana, ksatriya, vaisya,
sudra or whatever--in any case he is meant to do some sort of work, and that
work is his occupational duty. Perfection of duty can be tested by seeing
whether the Supreme Lord is satisfied by its execution. The Supreme Lord`s
satisfaction can be tested by the Lord`s representative, the spiritual master.
Therefore it is important to seek out a real representative of the Supreme
Personality of Godhead and work under him. If he is satisfied, then we should
know that the Supreme Lord is also satisfied. That is explained by Visvanatha
Cakravarti Thakura:
yasya prasadad
bhagavat-prasado
yasyaprasadan na gatih kuto `pi
dhyayam stuvams tasya yasas tri-sandhyam
vande guroh sri-caranaravindam
"By the mercy of the
spiritual master one is benedicted by the mercy of Krsna. Without the grace of
the spiritual master no one can make any advancement. Therefore I should always
remember the spiritual master. At least three times a day I should offer my
respectful obeisances unto the lotus feet of my spiritual master." (Sri
Gurvastakam, Verse 8)
The spiritual master is the
representative of the Supreme Lord. How does he become the representative? If
one says that such and such an object is a pair of spectacles, and if he teaches
his disciple in that way, there is no mistake as to the identity of the object.
The spiritual master is he who has captured the words of a particular disciplic
succession. In the case given, the key word is "spectacles"--that`s
all. The spiritual master does not have to say anything beyond that. This is the
qualification. Krsna says, "I am the Supreme," and the spiritual
master says, "Krsna is the Supreme." It is not that to be a
representative of Krsna or to be a spiritual master one has to have any
extraordinary qualification. He simply has to carry the message from the
authority as it is without any personal interpretation. As soon as there is some
personal interpretation, the message is lost and the instructions become
offensive. A person who interprets the scriptures according to his own whims
should be immediately rejected.
Once Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu
said, "You must at least have enough sense to test to find out who is a
spiritual master and who is not." For instance, if we want to purchase
something, we must at least have some idea of what that thing is, otherwise we
will be cheated. If we want to purchase a mango from the market, we must at
least know what type of food a mango is and what it looks like. Similarly, we
must have some preliminary knowledge of the qualifications for a bona fide
spiritual master. Bhagavad-gita itself gives some information about the
succession of spiritual masters. Lord Sri Krsna says:
imam vivasvate yogam
proktavan aham avyayam
vivasvan manave praha
manur iksvakave `bravit
evam parampara-praptam
imam rajarsayo viduh
sa kaleneha mahata
yogo nastah parantapa
sa evayam maya te `dya
yogah proktah puratanah
bhakto `si me sakha ceti
rahasyam hy etad uttamam
"I instructed this
imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god Vivasvan, and Vivasvan instructed it
to Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Iksvaku. This
supreme science was thus received through the chain of disciplic succession, and
the saintly kings understood it in that way. But in course of time the
succession was broken, and therefore the science as it is appears to be lost.
That very ancient science of the relationship with the Supreme is today told by
Me to you because you are My devotee as well as My friend; therefore, you can
understand the transcendental mystery of this science." (Bg. 4.1-3)
That original spiritual
disciplic succession was broken, but now we can receive the same message by
studying Bhagavad-gita. In Bhagavad-gita Krsna speaks to Arjuna just as in a far
distant time He spoke to the sun-god. If we accept the words of Arjuna and Krsna,
it may be possible for us to understand Bhagavad-gita, but if we want to
interpret it in our own way, the results will be nonsensical. The best way to
understand Bhagavad-gita is to accept a bona fide spiritual master. This is not
very difficult.
Arjuna says that he accepts
all that Krsna has said to him because Krsna is the Supreme personality of
Godhead:
nasto mohah smrtir labdha
tvat prasadan mayacyuta
sthito `smi gata-sandehah
karisye vacanam tava
"Arjuna said, My dear
Krsna, O infallible one, my illusion is now gone. I have regained my memory by
Your mercy, and now I am fixed without any doubt, prepared to act according to
Your instructions." (Bg. 18.73)
As Arjuna, we should accept
Krsna as the Supreme personality of Godhead and do as He says:
yat karosi yad asnasi
yaj juhosi dadasi yat
yat tapasyasi kaunteya
tat kurusva mad-arpanam
"O son of Kunti, all
that you do, all that you eat, all that you offer and give away, as well as all
austerities that you may perform, should be done as an offering unto Me." (Bg.
9.27)
By accepting Krsna in this
spirit, we can attain complete knowledge. If, however, we do not accept Krsna
and interpret Bhagavad-gita in our own way, then everything will be spoiled.
If we are sincere, we will
get a sincere spiritual master by the grace of Krsna. If, however, we want to be
cheated, Krsna will send us a cheater, and we will be cheated throughout our
lives. That is actually going on. For those who do not want to understand Krsna
as He is but want to understand by dint of their own imperfect vision, Krsna,
God, remains unknown.
The whole process is to
accept Krsna and His instructions and therefore to render devotional service
unto Him. It is Srimati Radharani who is the very embodiment of perfect
devotional service. In the Brahma-samhita Radharani is described as Krsna`s
expansion of His spiritual potency. In this way, She is nondifferent from Krsna.
The gopis, who tend Radha and Krsna, are not ordinary women or girls; they are
expansions of Krsna`s pleasure potency. Radharani and the gopis should never be
accepted as ordinary women; indeed, to understand their position we need the
guidance of a spiritual master. If we living entities want to actually associate
with Radharani, that may be possible, although She is not an ordinary woman. We
can become associates of Radharani by qualifying ourselves in advanced
devotional service.
In devotional service there
is no frustration; even if we perform only a small amount, it will grow.
Devotional service is never lost. As far as material things are concerned,
whatever we gain in the world will be lost when the body is finished. But since
we are eternal spiritual sparks, our spiritual assets go with us, gradually
fructifying. In this way those who have previously cultivated transcendental
consciousness come in contact with Krsna consciousness through this movement.
Interest in Krsna consciousness is not commonplace. In Bhagavad-gita it is said
that out of many millions and billions of persons, only one is interested in
achieving perfection. If we can advertise that simply by reading this book and
meditating for fifteen minutes anyone can immediately get power, become
successful in business and pass his examination, many people would be attracted
to the book. people are not attracted to Krsna consciousness because they prefer
to be cheated by maya. They think that the perfection of life is in eating a
great supply of food, or in sleeping twenty hours, or in having a new mate every
night or every day. People are interested in these things, but not in the
perfection of life.
Every intelligent man should
at least experiment with Krsna consciousness. He should say, "All right. I
have been enjoying this eating and sleeping for so many lives. These things were
available for me to enjoy in my bird and animal bodies. Now in this life let me
restrict the four principles of animalistic life--eating, sleeping, defending
and mating--and let me devote my time to developing Krsna consciousness. In this
way my life will be successful."
It is not that we have coined
this term "Krsna consciousness." Krsna consciousness is the oldest
phrase in the history of the world:
man-mana bhava mad-bhakto
mad-yaji mam namaskuru
mam evaisyasi satyam te
pratijane priyo `si me
man-mana bhava mad-bhakto
mad-yaji mam namaskuru
mam evaisyasi yuktvaivam
atmanam mat-parayanah
"Always think of Me.
Become My devotee. Worship Me, and offer your homage unto Me. The result is that
you will come to Me without fail. I promise you this, because you are My very
dear friend. Engage your mind always in thinking of Me, engage your body in My
service; and surrender unto Me. Completely absorbed in Me, surely will you come
to Me." (Bg. 18.65, 9.34)
The phrase man-mana bhava
mad-bhakto means "just be always conscious of Me." This then is Krsna
consciousness. In Bhagavad-gita Krsna is repeatedly saying that we should
worship Him, offer obeisances unto Him and then come to Him. Bhagavad-gita
clearly points to the absolute necessity of Krsna consciousness, and
Bhagavad-gita is accepted as the essence of the Upanisads. Even from the
historical point of view, it has no comparison. It has been calculated on the
basis of archeological evidence that Krsna spoke Bhagavad-gita on the
Battlefield of Kuruksetra more than five thousand years ago. So this Krsna
consciousness movement, even from the historical point of view, is five thousand
years old. Its philosophy is the oldest in the history of the world. If we wish
to trace it even further back, we find that Sri Krsna spoke it earlier to the
sun-god. Krsna is eternal, and consciousness of Krsna is also eternal. In this
way Krsna consciousness should be approached. It should not simply be considered
a theory.
When Krsna consciousness is
covered by any other consciousness, we experience our contaminated conditional
life. When the sky is clear, we can see the sun`s brilliant effulgence, but when
it is covered by clouds, we cannot see it. We may be able to perceive the
sunlight, but we cannot see the sun disc itself. When the sky is clear, it is in
its natural condition. Similarly, our consciousness is eternally Krsna
consciousness because we are part and parcel of Krsna eternally. This is
asserted in the Fifteenth Chapter of Bhagavad-gita:
mamaivamso jiva-loke
jiva-bhutah sanatanah
manah-sasthanindriyani
prakrti-sthani karsati
"The living entities in
this conditional world are My fragmental parts, and they are eternal. But due to
conditioned life, they are struggling very hard with the six senses, which
include the mind." (Bg. 15.7)
Somehow or other we have come
in contact with material nature, and because of the mind and the six senses, we
are struggling hard to exist. That is Darwin`s theory--the struggle for
existence, survival of the fittest. However, the actual fact is that our
constitutional position is not one of struggle. Struggle is the position of
animal life. Human life should be blissful and should have as its goal spiritual
advancement. At one time that was India`s principle of life, and there was a
class of people, the brahmanas, who engaged themselves exclusively in spiritual
culture. Although brahminical cultural life is enunciated in the scriptures of
India, it is not for Indians alone, but for all human beings. The Vedas were
written for all mankind, but it so happened that when the Vedas were written,
what is now known as the Indian culture was the only one extant. At that time,
the whole planet was called Bharatavarsa, after Emperor Bharata Maharaja, the
son of Rsabhadeva. Bharata Maharaja ruled the whole planet, but gradually the
planet was divided up. So the dharma of Vedic culture should not simply be
considered Indian or Hindu in a sectarian sense.
Often the word dharma is
translated to mean religion, but to conceive of dharma as a religion is to
misconceive the word. In general usage, the word religion refers to a particular
type of faith. The word dharma does not. Dharma indicates the natural occupation
of the living entity. For example, wherever there is fire, there is heat and
light, so it may be said that heat and light are the dharma of fire. Fire cannot
change its dharma. In the same way, liquidity is an intrinsic quality of water,
and this quality cannot be changed. If it is, it can no longer be considered
water. The dharma of the individual soul can never be changed, and that dharma
is the occupational duty of rendering service unto the Supreme Lord. Faiths and
religions can be changed. Today I may be a Hindu, but tomorrow I may become a
Christian or Moslem. In this way faiths can be changed, but dharma is a natural
sequence, a natural occupation or connection.
Krsna says that as soon as
there is a discrepancy in the discharge of the dharmas of the living entities,
when there is an upsurge of unnatural activities, He descends. One of the
principal purposes of His descent is to reestablish religious principles. The
best system of religion is that which best trains us to surrender unto the
Supreme Lord. This is the basic principle underlying Bhagavad-gita. We can
select our own religion and be Hindu, Moslem, Buddhist, Christian or whatever,
as long as we know the real purpose of religion. Indeed, Srimad-Bhagavatam does
not recommend that we give up our present religion, but it does hint at the
purpose of religion. That purpose is love of Godhead, and that religion which
teaches us best how to love the Supreme Lord is the best religion.
In this age especially there
is a general decay in the consciousness of the masses of people. A few people
remember that there is a God, but for the most part people are forgetting Him.
Therefore they cannot be happy. People are thinking that God is dead, or that we
have no obligation to God, or that there is no God. This sort of thinking will
never make for happiness. When civilization is godless or atheistic, as it is
today, God or His representative comes to remind people of their relationship
with the supreme consciousness.
When Sanatana Gosvami
inquired from Lord Caitanya, "What am I? Why am I always in a miserable
condition? What is the position of all living entities?" Sri Caitanya
Mahaprabhu immediately answered that the real identity is that of servant of
God. We should not understand the word "servant" in the sense of
materialistic servant. To become a servant of God is a great position. People
are always trying to get some government post or some position in a reputed
business firm because the service rendered in such positions earns great
profits. Although we are very anxious to get good positions in the government
service, we do not stop to think of getting a position in God`s service. God is
the government of all governments.
God`s service is dharma. This
dharma may be described differently in different countries according to
different cultural and climatic conditions or situations, but in every religious
scripture obedience to God is instructed. No scripture says that there is no God
or that we as living entities are independent--not the Bible, the Koran, the
Vedas or even the Buddhist literatures. Generally, according to Buddhist
philosophy, there is no individual soul and no supreme soul, but actually since
Lord Buddha is accepted by Vedic literatures as an incarnation of God, by
obeying Lord Buddha one is actually following God. In the Srimad-Bhagavatam
there is a list of incarnations, and Lord Buddha is accepted as one of them.
Srimad-Bhagavatam was compiled by Vyasadeva five thousand years ago, and Lord
Buddha appeared about 2,600 years ago, so Srimad-Bhagavatam actually foretold
the event of his incarnation. Lord Buddha preached that there is no God and no
soul, that this body is a combination of matter, and that when we dissolve this
material combination, sensations of misery and happiness will no longer exist.
Then Sankaracarya appeared to preach that the external feature of Brahman, the
body, is merely an illusion. In all religions, temple worship and acceptance of
authority are present. We may accept Krsna, or Lord Jesus Christ, or Jehovah, or
Lord Buddha, or Sankaracarya, or Guru Nanak, but in any case acceptance of
authority is required.
In Bhagavad-gita Lord Sri
Krsna is accepted as the supreme authority. Sometimes Krsna descends personally,
and sometimes He descends by His incarnations. Sometimes He descends as sound
vibration, and sometimes He descends as a devotee. There are many different
categories of avataras. In this present age Krsna has descended in His holy
name, Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare. Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama
Rama, Hare Hare. Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu also confirmed that in this age of
Kali, Krsna has descended in the form of sound vibration. Sound is one of the
forms which the Lord takes. Therefore it is stated that there is no difference
between Krsna and His name.
Today people have forgotten
their relationship with God, but this incarnation of Krsna in the form of His
holy names, this chanting of Hare Krsna, will deliver all the people of the
world from their forgetfulness. Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu says that if we chant
or associate with the chanting of the holy names of Krsna, we will reach the
highest perfectional stage of life. According to Srimad-Bhagavatam there are
different processes for different ages, but the principle of each process
remains valid in all ages. It is not that the chanting of Hare Krsna is
effective in this age and not in Satya-yuga. Nor is it that people were not
chanting the holy names of Krsna in Satya-yuga. In Satya-yuga meditation was the
main process, and great munis meditated for periods extending upwards of 60,000
years. In this age, however, perfection by that means of meditation is not
possible because we are so short-lived. Consequently in this age it is
especially recommended that we all sit down together and chant Hare Krsna. It is
very easy, and everyone can take part in it. There is no necessity of education,
nor are any previous qualifications required. In this age people are also very
slow and unfortunate, and they are contaminated with bad association. Caitanya
Mahaprabhu introduced the chanting of Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare
Hare. Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare as a great means of propaganda
for spreading love of God. It is not that it is recommended only for Kali-yuga.
Actually, it is recommended for every age. There have always been many devotees
who have chanted and reached perfection in all ages. That is the beauty of this
Krsna consciousness movement. It is not simply for one age, or for one country,
or for one class of people. Hare Krsna can be chanted by any man in any social
position, in any country and in any age, for Krsna is the Supreme Lord of all
people in all social positions, in all countries, in all ages.